Understand more about financial ratios and what they inform about the business. Learn to calculate and analyse some key financial ratios and draw overall conclusions about a business based on these ratios. “A set of accounts is like a book, which contains the story of a business…but like any good book there is a hidden […]
Public Sector Undertakings (PSU) in India
Project: To study a public sector undertaking and identify its type. Object: The objective of this project is to acquaint the students with the functioning of public sector. Organisation of the Project: The subject teacher will ask each student of his/her class to study the annual report of a public sector undertaking. The student will […]
Agency Theory & Agency Problem Explained
Agency Theory is the framework that explains the relationship between business principal and their agents. and Agency Problem is a specific issue that can arise within that framework. What is the Agency Theory? Agency Theory is a framework that explains the relationship between business principals (who hires someone) and their agents (who acts on the […]
Board Diversity: Diversifying the board for better governance
A diverse board can promote transparency, ethical behavior, and responsible decision-making. The need for better corporate governance is causing an increasing interest in board diversity, and it is now an important issue for managers, directors and shareholders. As a result, more studies are being carried out within corporate governance to understand how board composition influences […]
Understanding Psychic Distance in Internationalization
Psychic Distance is an often discussed theme in internationalization of firms. Psychic Distance refers to the differences in the business environment between the nation of origin (of a firm) and the foreign market. This is considered a one of the factors that disturbs the flow of information between firm and the market. Greater the Psychic […]
Trompenaars and Hampden-Turner’s Seven Dimensions of Culture
Trompenaars and Hampden-Turner’s “Seven Dimensions of Culture” model offers useful insights for managing cross-cultural interactions in both professional and personal settings. It explains national cultural differences in organizations and ways to effectively manage these differences in a heterogeneous business environment. Seven Dimensions of Culture Trompenaars and Hampden-Turner (1998) introduced a set of cultural dimensions based […]
The Born global model of Internationalization
Some newer firms are not gradually approaching global markets but they are jumping directly into global markets. Such firms are termed ‘Born Globals’. The Born Global Model is a business strategy in which a company engages in international business right from its inception. This is a contradictory approach to most other traditional internationalization models, which […]
The Uppsala Internationalization Model
The Uppsala model of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) is a theory that explains the internationalization process of firms. The model argues that firms invest in countries which are similar to their home countries. During the 1970’s a number of Swedish researchers at the university of Uppsala focused their interest on the internationalization process. They studied […]
Geography Project for Class 9 Students: Topics and Sample Projects
Here’s how to make Geography Projects for Class 9 students. Find sample projects and the best structure to incorporate while making Geography projects. General Instructions You may use the following structure for writing the project: Cover Page, Index (List all the topics in the right order), Introduction, Main Body, Bibliography, Acknowledgements. Your written work must […]
Dunning’s Eclectic Paradigm (OLI Framework) Explained
The electric paradigm (OLI) remains the most dominant theory to explain the activities of Multinational Enterprises (MNEs). Developed by Dunning, the OLI model explains that the choice of market selection depends on three economic advantages known as ownership, location and internalization advantages. Eclectic Paradigm (OLI) The eclectic paradigm or the OLI framework (OLI stands for […]
History Project for Class 9 Students: Topics and Sample Projects
Here’s how to make History Projects for Class 9 students. Find sample projects and the best structure to incorporate while making History projects. General Instructions Your written work must be complemented with relevant pictures/ photographs. It’s a good practice to use a caption for all the pictures /photographs that you use. If possible, try and […]
Who is a Stakeholder? Definition and Examples
Stakeholders are individuals or groups that depend on an organisation to fulfill their own goals and on whom, in turn, the organisation depends. A stakeholder is anyone that has an interest in a business; these can be in the form of customers, employees, suppliers and community. Stakeholders include all those invested and involved in, or […]
EVS Project for Class 9 Students: Topics and Sample Projects
Here’s how to make Environmental Science (EVS) Projects for Class 9 students. Find sample projects and best practices to incorporate while making EVS projects. As part of EVS projects, students are expected to research and write on topics concerning the environment and planet such as effects of climate change, pollution, conservation, air quality, water quality, […]
Resource Dependence Theory Explained
Resource Dependence Theory (RDT) is a framework that suggests that firms are not self-sufficient entities but are instead reliant on various resources in their environment for survival. These resources include capital, raw materials, technology, expertise, etc. One can find the application of Resource Dependence Theory in organizational behavior and strategic management. This theory helps understand […]
Understanding Brand Identity and its elements
Learn about brand identity and strategies for building a strong brand identity. What is Brand Identity? Similar to how individuals have personalities which make them unique, brands also have identities which give them distinct characteristics. “A brand vision should attempt to go beyond functional benefits to consider organizational values; a higher purpose; brand personality; and […]
Aaker’s Brand Identity Planning Model
The Aaker model is a comprehensive guide on how to build brand identity. The model provides several ideas and paths for developing a brand identity and provides more charity to firms on what they should emphasize. Purpose of Aaker Model Compared to other similar model, the Aaker Model is more comprehensive as it provides strategists […]
What is Research?
Research is a human activity based on intellectual investigation and aimed at discovering, interpreting, and revising human knowledge on different aspects of the world. The most important characteristics of formal research (as defined by Paul Leedy) is that it involves the interpretation of data to draw conclusions. Research originates with a question or problem. Research […]
New Economic Policy of 1991 (Liberalization/Reforms)
The New Economic Policy of India policy was introduced in 1991 by the P. V. Narasimha Rao government, which exposed the India Economy to the global world for the first time. Also referred to as the LPG Model of growth, The New Economic Policy of 1991 has brought changes in various sectors of the Indian […]
Brand Extension Strategy Explained: Types and Examples
Learn about the concept of brand extension, including line and category extensions. Understand the advantages and disadvantages of brand extension, and the factors that contribute to successful brand extension. Brand Extensions What is Brand Extension? Brand Extension is a marketing strategy in which a successful brand name is used to launch new or modified products […]
Typical ‘University Interview Questions’ for Study Abroad Programs
Several universities abroad conduct interviews of prospective students. So if you’re based in India and intend to study abroad, please bear that in mind. If not a face to face interview, the foreign university will expect you to answer a list of questions in order to know more about you, and the reasons why you […]
